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Racial Disparities in Incidence of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Patient Survival.

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Racial disparities exist in young-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and survival. While rectal cancer rates are similar between races, colon cancer survival shows disparities, with recent increases in young-onset CRC largely driven by rectal cancer in white individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Young-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) rates are rising, increasing concern about racial disparities.
  • Limited data exists on racial differences in CRC incidence and survival among younger adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine racial disparities in young-onset CRC by comparing incidence and relative survival between white and black adults.
  • To analyze trends in CRC incidence and survival over two distinct time periods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries.
  • Calculated CRC incidence rates per 100,000 persons aged 20-49 for 1992-1996 and 2010-2014.
  • Determined relative survival as observed survival divided by expected survival in a comparable cancer-free population.

Main Results:

  • CRC incidence increased from 1992-1996 to 2010-2014 in both white (7.5 to 11.0) and black (11.7 to 12.7) individuals.
  • Rectal cancer incidence increases were larger in whites than blacks; rates became similar by 2010-2014.
  • Black individuals showed smaller survival gains for proximal colon cancer but larger gains for rectal cancer compared to white individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Racial disparities are evident in young-onset CRC incidence and colon cancer survival, but minimal differences exist for rectal cancer.
  • Recent increases in young-onset CRC are primarily attributed to rising rectal cancer rates, particularly among white individuals.