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Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

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The Collision Theory
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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
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Optimal control applied to a temperature dependent schistosomiasis model.

Chester Kalinda1, Steady Mushayabasa2, Moses J Chimbari1

  • 1College of Health Sciences, Howard Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.

Bio Systems
|December 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Optimal control significantly reduces schistosomiasis burden by over threefold. Strategies vary with cost: low costs mean prolonged, maximum strength interventions, while high costs necessitate balanced, reduced strength application to manage infection.

Keywords:
Mathematical modelOptimal controlSchistosomiasisTemperature variations

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Schistosomiasis is a prevalent water-borne disease, posing a significant global health challenge, particularly in endemic regions.
  • Effective control strategies are crucial to mitigate the impact of schistosomiasis on human populations and travelers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply optimal control theory to a temperature-dependent schistosomiasis model.
  • To identify cost-effective strategies for minimizing human infection and disease burden.

Main Methods:

  • Development and analysis of a mathematical model incorporating temperature-dependent transmission dynamics.
  • Application of optimal control techniques to determine intervention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Optimal control can reduce the schistosomiasis burden by more than threefold.
  • Low-cost optimal strategies involve prolonged, maximum-strength interventions.
  • High-cost scenarios require reduced-strength interventions for a cost-benefit balance.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal control theory provides a valuable framework for managing schistosomiasis.
  • Cost-effectiveness is a key consideration in designing schistosomiasis control interventions.
  • The study offers insights for minimizing infected hosts and vectors through strategic control.