β-Elemene Inhibits Human Sperm Function by Affecting Sperm Vitality and Intracellular Calcium

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Biology
• Pharmacology
• Oncology

Background:

• Beta-elemene is a sesquiterpene with demonstrated anti-tumor properties and clinical applications.
• Its effects on the male reproductive system, specifically human sperm function, remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the in vitro effects of beta-elemene on human sperm function.
• To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of beta-elemene's action on sperm.

Main Methods:

• Human sperm were exposed to varying concentrations of beta-elemene (0-320 µM).
• Sperm vitality, motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) were assessed.
• Cytotoxicity was evaluated on breast and lung cancer cell lines (MCF-10A, MDA-MD-231, A549).

Main Results:

• Beta-elemene (40-320 µM) dose-dependently decreased human sperm vitality, motility, and penetrating ability.
• Lower concentrations (10-20 µM) increased spontaneous acrosome reactions and inhibited progesterone-induced functions by altering sperm [Ca2+]i.
• Beta-elemene exhibited minimal toxicity to tested cancer cell lines.

Conclusions:

• Beta-elemene inhibits human sperm function through impacts on sperm vitality and intracellular calcium regulation.
• Clinical use of beta-elemene necessitates consideration for fertility preservation in male cancer patients.