Energy shielding by cavitation bubble clouds in burst wave lithotripsy
Kazuki Maeda1, Adam D Maxwell2, Tim Colonius1
1Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|December 8, 2018
Summary
Cavitation bubble clouds significantly shield kidney stones from burst wave lithotripsy (BWL) energy, potentially reducing treatment effectiveness. Acoustic measurements correlate with this energy shielding, offering real-time monitoring possibilities.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Acoustic Physics
- Nephrology
Background:
- Kidney stone treatment often involves burst wave lithotripsy (BWL).
- Cavitation bubble clouds form during BWL, potentially affecting treatment efficacy.
- Understanding energy transfer during BWL is crucial for optimizing stone comminution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the energy shielding effect of cavitation bubble clouds on kidney stones during BWL.
- To investigate the correlation between acoustic scattering from bubbles and energy shielding.
- To explore potential for real-time monitoring of cavitation activity in BWL.
Main Methods:
- Combined laboratory experiments involving bubble cloud visualization and acoustic measurements.
- Numerical simulations using a compressible, multi-component flow solver to model bubble-stone-wave interactions.
- Quantitative comparison of experimental and simulation results to validate findings.
Main Results:
- Bubble clouds can shield up to 90% of incident burst wave energy from reaching the kidney stone.
- Significant energy shielding suggests a potential reduction in the efficacy of stone comminution.
- A strong correlation was found between energy shielding magnitude and bubble-scattered acoustics amplitude.
Conclusions:
- Cavitation bubble clouds pose a significant challenge to burst wave lithotripsy efficacy by reducing energy delivery.
- The correlation between acoustic scattering and energy shielding offers a promising method for real-time monitoring of cavitation.
- Further research can leverage this correlation to improve BWL treatment control and outcomes.
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