Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

5.1K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
5.1K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.1K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.1K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

9.6K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
9.6K
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

3.1K
The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
3.1K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

16.6K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
16.6K
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

33.8K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gail R. Martin (1944-2026): Embryonic stem cell pioneer, developmental biologist, and student of Asian art and ceramics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

ARID1A governs the silencing of sex-linked transcription during male meiosis in the mouse.

eLife·2024
Same author

INO80 regulates chromatin accessibility to facilitate suppression of sex-linked gene expression during mouse spermatogenesis.

PLoS genetics·2024
Same author

Improving laboratory animal genetic reporting: LAG-R guidelines.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

ARID1A governs the silencing of sex-linked transcription during male meiosis in the mouse.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023
Same author

INO80 regulates chromatin accessibility to facilitate suppression of sex-linked gene expression during mouse spermatogenesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

8.6K

EZH2 variants differentially regulate polycomb repressive complex 2 in histone methylation and cell differentiation.

Weipeng Mu1, Joshua Starmer1, Della Yee1

  • 1Department of Genetics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA.

Epigenetics & Chromatin
|December 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) utilizes EZH2 alternative splicing to regulate histone H3K27 methylation. Different EZH2 variants fine-tune methylation levels, impacting cell differentiation and proliferation.

Keywords:
Alternative splicingCell differentiationEZH2Histone methylationPolycomb-group proteinsSpermatogenesis

More Related Videos

Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones
09:26

Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones

Published on: March 26, 2017

11.6K
In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

8.6K
Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones
09:26

Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones

Published on: March 26, 2017

11.6K
In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) establishes and maintains histone H3K27 methylation, crucial for cell differentiation and proliferation.
  • The degree of H3K27 methylation (mono-, di-, or trimethylation) influences gene regulation, but the mechanisms PRC2 uses to specify these levels remain unclear.
  • Alternative splicing of EZH2, PRC2's catalytic subunit, is a potential mechanism for regulating H3K27 methylation specificity during cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of EZH2 alternative splicing in specifying H3K27 methylation levels during cell differentiation.
  • To characterize EZH2 splicing variants in somatic and male germ cells and their functional consequences.
  • To understand how EZH2 expression is regulated in different cellular contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of EZH2 alternative splicing in somatic and male germ cells.
  • Analysis of EZH2 isoform regulation during mitosis and meiosis.
  • Investigation of EZH2 transcriptional regulation by E2F activators and MYBL1.
  • Assay of H3K27 trimethylation catalytic efficiency of different EZH2 isoforms.
  • Assessment of EZH2 variant effects on embryonic stem cell differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Differential regulation of EZH2 exon 14 splicing was observed during mitosis and meiosis.
  • The EZH2 isoform containing exon 14 (ex14-Ezh2) is upregulated during cell cycle progression, supporting its role in maintaining H3K27 methylation during chromatin replication.
  • The EZH2 isoform lacking exon 14 (ex14D-Ezh2) is predominantly found in spermatocytes, coinciding with the establishment of new H3K27me2 during meiotic differentiation.
  • Ezh2 transcription is regulated by E2F activators in general, but by MYBL1 in spermatocytes.
  • ex14D-EZH2 exhibits reduced H3K27me3 catalytic efficiency and promotes embryonic stem cell differentiation compared to ex14-EZH2.

Conclusions:

  • EZH2 expression is controlled at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in a context-dependent manner.
  • Specific EZH2 variants generated through alternative splicing dictate the functional specificity of PRC2 in catalyzing histone methylation, thereby influencing cell proliferation and differentiation.