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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Reprint of: Promoting Physical Activity and Exercise: JACC Health Promotion Series.

Gerald F Fletcher1, Carolyn Landolfo1, Josef Niebauer2

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Physical inactivity increases global mortality risk by 20-30%. Regular physical activity (PA) improves cardiovascular health and reduces chronic disease risk, even in small amounts.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Public Health
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Physical inactivity is a major modifiable risk factor for global mortality.
  • It contributes to a 20-30% increased risk of death compared to active individuals.
  • Physical activity (PA) behavior is influenced by social, environmental, psychological, and genetic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological effects of physical inactivity and PA on the cardiovascular system.
  • To explore mechanistic/triggering factors related to physical activity.
  • To examine preventive actions and guidance for health promotion regarding PA.

Main Methods:

  • State-of-the-art review of scientific literature.
  • Focus on "healthy PA" and its cardiovascular implications.
  • Analysis of personal, educational, environmental, and societal factors.

Main Results:

  • Physically active individuals exhibit higher cardiorespiratory fitness, health, and wellness.
  • PA lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic illnesses.
  • Even minimal amounts of PA offer significant protective health benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive, sustainable programs are crucial for increasing PA globally.
  • PA interventions must be implemented at all levels (local to international).
  • Increasing PA is essential for improving global health and reducing cardiovascular disease.