Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Neuromuscular Junction And Blockade

Neuromuscular Junction And Blockade

The site of chemical communication between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The end of the motor neuron at the NMJ divides into a cluster of synaptic end bulbs. The cytoplasm of these bulbs consists of synaptic vesicles enclosing acetylcholine molecules, the principal neurotransmitter released at the NMJ. The region opposite the synaptic bulb that ends in the muscle fiber is called the motor end plate, which has acetylcholine receptors. Within the...

PD Controller: Design

PD Controller: Design

In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the...

SN1 Reaction: Stereochemistry

S_N1 Reaction: Stereochemistry

This lesson provides an in-depth discussion of the stereochemical outcomes in an SN1 reaction.
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...

SN1 Reaction: Kinetics

S_N1 Reaction: Kinetics

In an SN2 reaction, the reaction rate depends on both the type of nucleophile and the substrate. A hindered tertiary alkyl halide is practically inert to the SN2 mechanism despite using a strong nucleophile.
However, Sir Christopher Ingold and Edward D. Hughes, who studied the kinetics of various nucleophilic substitution reactions, noticed that a tertiary alkyl halide does undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction in the presence of a weak nucleophile. While studying the substitution...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same journal

Brain Network Connectivity Predicts Survival in Diffuse Midline Glioma.

Cancer discovery·2026

Same journal

First-in-human testing of a mutant KRAS vaccine for pancreatic cancer interception in high-risk cohorts.

Cancer discovery·2026

Same journal

CDK8 Inhibition Releases the Muscle Differentiation Block in Fusion-driven Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Cancer discovery·2026

Same journal

CDK8 inhibition induces Mediator trapping and impairment of the EWSR1::FLI1 transcriptional program in Ewing sarcoma.

Cancer discovery·2026

Same journal

SEZ6-Targeted ADC Shows Preliminary Efficacy in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Cancer discovery·2026

Same journal

Nonprofit Acquires Abandoned Leukemia Drug Supply.

Cancer discovery·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

Augmenting CAR T Cells with PD-1 Blockade

Cancer Discovery

|December 8, 2018

Summary

Adding immune checkpoint blockade to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy may improve outcomes for B-cell malignancy patients with initial poor responses. This approach offers a potential new strategy for refractory hematologic cancers.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Immunotherapy
Oncology

Background:

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a promising treatment for B-cell malignancies.
Some patients exhibit suboptimal initial responses to CAR-T therapy, necessitating alternative strategies.
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as a significant immunotherapy modality.

Discussion:

Clinical reports suggest that combining CAR-T therapy with ICB may enhance treatment efficacy in patients with B-cell malignancies.
This combination approach could overcome resistance mechanisms observed in patients with poor initial CAR-T responses.
The 2018 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting highlighted these preliminary clinical findings.

Key Insights:

The addition of immune checkpoint blockade to CAR-T therapy shows potential benefit for B-cell malignancy patients.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Magnetic Fluorescent Bead-Based Dual-Reporter Flow Analysis of PDL1-Vaxx Peptide Vaccine-Induced Antibody Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction

Author Spotlight: Magnetic Fluorescent Bead-Based Dual-Reporter Flow Analysis of PDL1-Vaxx Peptide Vaccine-Induced Antibody Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction

Published on: July 7, 2023

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

Published on: February 5, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Magnetic Fluorescent Bead-Based Dual-Reporter Flow Analysis of PDL1-Vaxx Peptide Vaccine-Induced Antibody Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction

Author Spotlight: Magnetic Fluorescent Bead-Based Dual-Reporter Flow Analysis of PDL1-Vaxx Peptide Vaccine-Induced Antibody Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction

Published on: July 7, 2023

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

Published on: February 5, 2020

This strategy may be particularly valuable for individuals who do not respond well initially to standard CAR-T treatment.

Findings were presented at the 2018 ASH Annual Meeting, indicating ongoing research in this area.

Outlook:

Further clinical trials are warranted to validate the efficacy and safety of combined CAR-T and ICB therapy.
This approach could represent a significant advancement in managing refractory B-cell malignancies.
Optimizing combination immunotherapy strategies remains a key focus in hematologic oncology research.