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Quantum advantage for probabilistic one-time programs.

Marie-Christine Roehsner1, Joshua A Kettlewell2,3, Tiago B Batalhão4,2,3,5

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Researchers introduce probabilistic one-time programs, enhancing cryptography and secure software distribution. Quantum mechanics offers security advantages, enabling new computing capabilities even before full-scale quantum computers are available.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Computer Science
  • Cryptography

Background:

  • One-time programs (programs that self-destruct after one execution) are crucial for secure software distribution.
  • Ideal one-time programs are theoretically impossible with classical or quantum resources.
  • Existing security models often require perfect, error-free outputs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To relax the definition of one-time programs by allowing probabilistic errors.
  • To demonstrate quantum mechanics' security advantages over classical resources for these relaxed programs.
  • To explore novel applications in secure computation and software distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a scheme for encoding probabilistic one-time programs as quantum states.
  • Defined specific measurement settings for these quantum states.
  • Experimentally implemented various one-time programs using single-photon states and measurements.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of probabilistic one-time programs using quantum states.
  • Showcased quantum security advantages in a relaxed setting.
  • Successfully implemented classical logic gates, Yao's millionaires problem, and digital signature delegation.

Conclusions:

  • Probabilistic one-time programs are achievable using quantum resources.
  • Quantum techniques offer enhanced security and computational capabilities for one-time programs.
  • This research bridges quantum and classical technologies for near-term computing advantages.