Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

132.0K
G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
132.0K
Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

5.6K
Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
5.6K
The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

15.0K
The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
15.0K
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

1.4K
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
1.4K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

9.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.4K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.3K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Helping infants to help: Cultural variation in maternal scaffolding and the development of prosocial behavior.

Developmental psychology·2026
Same author

Neural correlates of recognition memory obtained after encoding under conventional laboratory, virtual, and real-life conditions reveal modality-specific mnemonic processing.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

Working memory load and search efficiency in conventional monitor-based 2D versus 3D virtual settings: analysis of response times and parietal induced alpha activity in a modified Sternberg task.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same author

Beyond Context-Transfer Effects: Attenuated Familiarity During Virtual Reality-Based Retrieval Across Different Encoding Modalities.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same author

Encoding of modality-specific face engrams promotes distinct recruitment of mnemonic processing mechanisms: A mobile-EEG study comparing encoding and retrieval of 2D and 3D avatars under virtual reality conditions.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Unpredictable maternal behavior and infant emotional reactivity in the context of high maternal adversity.

Child development·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
14:24

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze

Published on: July 29, 2025

1.6K

Theta-gamma coupling binds visual perceptual features in an associative memory task.

Moritz Köster1,2, Holger Finger3, Sebastian Graetz4

  • 1Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, 49074, Osnabrück, Germany. moritz.koester@fu-berlin.de.

Scientific Reports
|December 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human brain uses theta and gamma brain rhythms to form new memories by binding visual information. Alpha rhythm decreases help manage perceptual input, supporting memory formation and recall.

More Related Videos

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays
09:58

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

Published on: March 11, 2011

30.5K
Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color
10:27

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Published on: February 20, 2014

23.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
14:24

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze

Published on: July 29, 2025

1.6K
C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays
09:58

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

Published on: March 11, 2011

30.5K
Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color
10:27

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Published on: February 20, 2014

23.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The human brain integrates new environmental information with existing knowledge.
  • Theta (4-8 Hz) and gamma (40-120 Hz) rhythms are implicated in memory and feature binding.
  • Alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz) suppression is thought to gate perceptual information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate associative memory from visual perceptual processes during memory formation.
  • To investigate the roles of theta, alpha, and gamma rhythms in associative memory encoding.
  • To examine how stimulus type (pictures vs. words) affects neural oscillations during memory formation.

Main Methods:

  • An associative memory task involving object-color combinations was employed.
  • Stimuli included pictures (high visual information) and words (low visual information).
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure brain activity, focusing on theta, alpha, and gamma oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Increased theta power was observed for subsequently remembered items, irrespective of color judgment.
  • Enhanced phase-amplitude coupling between frontal theta and fronto-temporal gamma oscillations was specific to picture-color association formation.
  • Parietal alpha suppression and gamma power were greater for pictures than for words.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a theta-gamma code for binding visual perceptual features during memory encoding.
  • Alpha suppression appears to reflect perceptual gating in semantic networks, independent of mnemonic processes.
  • Gamma oscillations may enhance visual information processing, integrated by prefrontal theta-paced control.