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Bundle sheath extensions affect leaf structural and physiological plasticity in response to irradiance.

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Bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) in tomato leaves enhance photosynthetic capacity and water transport. Their absence in homobaric (obv) mutants alters leaf structure and function, particularly under shade conditions, impacting plant plasticity.

Keywords:
Micro-TomSolanum lycopersicumadaptationleaf developmentleaf hydraulicsmutantobscuravenosashadingtomato

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Area of Science:

  • Plant physiology
  • Plant anatomy
  • Photosynthesis research

Background:

  • Coordination between plant structural and physiological traits is crucial for environmental adaptation.
  • Bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) in heterobaric leaves are known to improve photosynthetic performance and water transport.
  • The role of BSEs in leaf development and physiological responses to varying environmental conditions requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) influence leaf structural and physiological traits in response to different irradiance levels.
  • To compare the traits of heterobaric (with BSEs) and homobaric (obv mutation, without BSEs) tomato near-isogenic lines under varying light conditions.
  • To understand the contribution of BSEs to plant plasticity and the integration of leaf structure, function, and water relations.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of heterobaric and homobaric (obv) near-isogenic tomato lines.
  • Controlled growth experiments under two different irradiance levels (light and shade).
  • Measurement of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (Amax), minor vein density, stomatal pore area index, leaf intercellular air spaces, mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular airspace (Smes), and carbon isotope discrimination.

Main Results:

  • Leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), minor vein density, and stomatal pore area index decreased with shading in heterobaric leaves but remained low and stable in homobaric leaves.
  • Under shade, homobaric plants exhibited increased Amax, leaf intercellular air spaces, and Smes compared to heterobaric plants.
  • BSEs influenced carbon isotope discrimination, indicating an effect on long-term water-use efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) confer plasticity to leaf structural and functional traits in response to irradiance.
  • BSEs may act as a central hub integrating leaf structure, photosynthetic function, and water supply/demand dynamics.
  • The absence of BSEs in homobaric leaves leads to altered trait responses, particularly under low light, affecting overall plant adaptation.