Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Block Diagram Reduction01:22

Block Diagram Reduction

561
The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
561
Elements of Block Diagrams01:25

Elements of Block Diagrams

705
Block diagrams serve as a visual representation of the input-output relationships within a system. An illustrative example is a heating system, where the set temperature activates the furnace to warm the room to the desired level. Block diagrams are versatile, modeling linear systems through Laplace transform variables and nonlinear systems using time domain variables.
A block diagram typically includes essential elements such as comparators, blocks, and feedback loops. Each of these elements...
705
Relation between Mathematical Equations and Block Diagrams01:20

Relation between Mathematical Equations and Block Diagrams

3.3K
In a spring-mass-damper system, the second-order differential equation describes the dynamic behavior of the system. When transformed into the Laplace domain under zero initial conditions, this equation can be effectively analyzed and manipulated. The transformation into the Laplace domain converts differential equations into algebraic equations, simplifying the process of isolating the output.
3.3K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

2.0K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
2.0K
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

28.7K
Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
28.7K
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

3.2K
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Photocatalytic Controlled Halodefluorination of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds Using <i>N</i>-Arylphenothiazines.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Fast Interfacial Hole Consumption Suppresses Space-Charge Layer Trap Filling in BiVO<sub>4</sub> Photoanodes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Strong ultrafast nonlinear optical response from megaelectronvolt electrons in semiconductors.

Nature photonics·2026
Same author

Trap-assisted circularly polarized organic photodetector.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Solution-state nanoconfined aggregation and microstructure evolution in blends of conjugated polymers and elastomers.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Time-Dependent Structure Assessment of Conjugated Polymer Aggregates in Solution by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

Macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Ti/Sr Gradient Doping with SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Coating for Mitigating Strain and Oxygen Loss in Ni-Rich Cathode.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same journal

Metallic Lead to Perfect Perovskite: A Bottom-Up Vapor-Assisted Colloidal Strategy for High-Performance Solar Cells.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same journal

Two-Dimensional VSe<sub>2</sub>@Polypyrrole Heterostructure Enables Stable High-Rate Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same journal

A Multifunctional Hydrogel Integrating Hemostatic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties for Infected and Diabetic Wound Regeneration.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same journal

Tunable Interfacial to Filamentary Resistive Switching Mechanism in Room-Temperature-Grown Amorphous YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub><i>x</i></sub> with Excess Cu Addition.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same journal

Bioinspired Rhombic VO<sub>2</sub> Metasurface with Low Solar Absorptance for Self-adaptive All-Weather Building Thermal Management.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery
08:09

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery

Published on: August 6, 2019

6.2K

Block Junction-Functionalized All-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers.

Fritz Nübling1,2, Thomas R Hopper3, Brooke Kuei

  • 1Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores junction-functionalized donor-acceptor block copolymers for solar cells. Despite design efforts, frustrated crystallization and geminate recombination limit performance, showing insensitivity to junction functionalization.

Keywords:
P3HTPNDIT2all-conjugated block copolymerdonor−acceptor block copolymersinterfacial electron cascadetransient absorption spectroscopy

More Related Videos

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by &#960;-&#960; Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

14.6K
Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
09:12

Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: June 1, 2016

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery
08:09

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery

Published on: August 6, 2019

6.2K
Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by &#960;-&#960; Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

14.6K
Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
09:12

Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: June 1, 2016

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Donor-acceptor (D-A) block copolymers (BCPs) are crucial for controlling charge dynamics in excitonic devices like solar cells.
  • Spatial and electronic control at interfaces is key to improving device efficiency.
  • Junction-functionalization offers a strategy to engineer these interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, synthesize, and characterize novel all-conjugated, all-crystalline D-A BCPs with junction-functionalization.
  • To investigate the impact of junction functionalization on morphology and electronic properties.
  • To understand charge recombination mechanisms and their influence on solar cell performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of block copolymers using C-H activation, including macroreagent H-P3HT-ThxDDPPTHx.
  • Morphological characterization via calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSoXS).
  • Electronic characterization using photoluminescence, transient absorption, and pump-push photocurrent spectroscopies.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized D-A BCPs exhibited reduced crystallinity (frustrated crystallization) and poorly defined interfaces.
  • Geminate recombination (GR) was identified as the primary loss mechanism, independent of junction functionalization.
  • Melt annealing increased GR and altered polymer backbone orientation, negatively impacting solar cell performance.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of the block junction did not significantly improve solar cell performance due to morphological limitations.
  • Frustrated crystallization and geminate recombination are dominant factors limiting efficiency in these BCPs.
  • Morphological effects, rather than junction functionalization, primarily dictate solar cell performance.