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This study introduces SIMREC, a novel Monte Carlo-based SPECT reconstruction program. SIMREC accurately estimates radiotracer activity and produces clear images, demonstrating its clinical feasibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Computational Imaging

Background:

  • Accurate quantitative SPECT reconstruction is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
  • Existing methods often require external calibration, introducing potential errors.
  • Monte Carlo (MC) simulations offer a robust framework for modeling photon transport in SPECT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel MC-based SPECT reconstruction program, SIMREC, for parallel-hole collimation.
  • To enable quantitative activity estimation without external calibration.
  • To assess the accuracy and clinical feasibility of the SIMREC program.

Main Methods:

  • Developed SIMREC within the SIMIND MC framework, utilizing MC for accurate forward projection.
  • Integrated simplified back-projection with iterative algorithms: Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) and Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM).
  • Validated using phantom studies with 99mTc, 177Lu, and 131I in various configurations, and tested on patient data.

Main Results:

  • SIMREC accurately transforms source distribution from activity to counts, enabling direct activity-based image reconstruction.
  • Phantom studies showed minimal deviation in total activity estimation (-4.1% to 6.2%) compared to prepared values.
  • Reconstructed images were visually acceptable and obtained within hours for patient examples.

Conclusions:

  • The SIMREC program provides accurate quantitative SPECT reconstruction using MC-based forward projection.
  • It successfully estimates radiotracer activity without external calibration, improving reliability.
  • SIMREC demonstrates clinical feasibility and potential for routine use in nuclear medicine.