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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c
Published on: June 29, 2011
A fluorescent aptamer/carbon dots based assay for Cytochrome c protein detection as a biomarker of cell apoptosis
Sena Ghayyem1, Farnoush Faridbod1
1Analytical Chemistry Department, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Cytochrome c (Cyt c), a heme protein, can be a potential biomarker for cell-apoptosis or even cancer diagnosis. In this work, a simple, rapid, sensitive and selective label-free assay for Cytochrome c (Cyt c) detection is introduced based on an interaction between nucleic acid aptamer biomolecules and surfaces of Carbon Dots (CDs). CDs are used as a fluorescent probes and Cyt c-aptamers as a sensing materials. Interactions of aptamers with CDs quench the fluorescent intensity of CDs. By addition of Cyt c biomolecule as an analyte to the solution and binding to the aptamers, CDs fluorescence turns on. Stronger binding affinity of the aptamers toward Cyt c than CDs, causes they leave the CDs surfaces and the fluorescence is recovered. The amount of recoveries corresponds linearly to the concentration of Cyt c and be used as the basis of detection. The method exhibited high sensitivity to Cyt c with a detection limit of 25.90 nM and a linear range from 40 nM to 240 nM.
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