Energy conversion from environmental fluctuations to coherent fields by Cooper-pair box quantum meta-materials

Area of Science:

• Quantum Optics
• Condensed Matter Physics
• Metamaterials

Background:

• Open Cooper-pair boxes (CPBs) are superconducting circuits with quantum properties.
• Understanding the interaction of electromagnetic waves with quantum systems is crucial for novel device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate electromagnetic wave propagation in open Cooper-pair boxes (CPBs).
• To explore the potential of CPB ensembles as non-linear meta-materials.
• To analyze the conditions for electromagnetic field amplification.

Main Methods:

• Utilized Maxwell-Bloch equations to model wave propagation.
• Employed the Lindblad master equation to account for environmental interactions.
• Simulated CPB systems within ring resonators and Fabry-Perot cavities.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated CPB ensembles function as highly non-linear meta-materials.
• Observed enhanced non-linearity and optical hysteresis in the superconducting phase dominant regime.
• Identified constructive interplay between Josephson and environmental effects in the charge dominant regime, leading to gain.

Conclusions:

• CPB systems offer significant non-linear optical properties.
• Electromagnetic fields can be amplified by CPB media, converting environmental energy to coherent fields.
• The findings suggest potential for novel electromagnetic field manipulation and energy conversion devices.