Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

43.8K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
43.8K
Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

115.0K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
115.0K
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

59.5K
Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
59.5K
Density00:56

Density

19.9K
Density is an important characteristic of substances, crucial in determining whether an object sinks or floats in a fluid. Its SI unit is kg/m3, and its cgs unit is g/cm3. The density of an object helps in identifying its composition, and also reveals information about the phase of the matter and its substructure. The densities of liquids and solids are roughly comparable, consistent with the fact that their atoms are in close contact. However, gases have much lower densities than liquids and...
19.9K
Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

480
Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
480
The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

27.4K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
27.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distinct roles of neuronal phenotypes during neurofeedback adaptation.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Long-term neuron tracking reveals balance of stability and plasticity in functional properties.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Real-time 3D ultrasound in augmented reality accelerates training and narrows novice-expert performance gaps.

Communications engineering·2026
Same author

Experimental characterization of high-strain-rate viscoelastic and damage behavior in anisotropic soft materials using laser-induced inertial cavitation.

Research square·2026
Same author

Ultrasound in Women's Health: Mechanisms, Applications, and Emerging Opportunities.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

A 0.05 mm<sup>3</sup> diode-based single charged-particle real-time radiation detector for electron radiotherapy.

Physics and imaging in radiation oncology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Open-source Toolkit: Benchtop Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Array for Nerve Recording
07:50

Open-source Toolkit: Benchtop Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Array for Nerve Recording

Published on: October 29, 2021

3.3K

A high-density carbon fiber neural recording array technology.

Travis L Massey1,2, Samantha R Santacruz1,3,2, Jason F Hou4

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|December 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a high-density, 2D carbon fiber neural recording array that reduces tissue response and improves scalability for advanced brain-computer interfaces. This technology offers a promising alternative to traditional microwire electrodes.

More Related Videos

Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings
07:37

Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

Published on: August 5, 2021

4.4K
Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording
06:36

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

Published on: September 1, 2022

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Open-source Toolkit: Benchtop Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Array for Nerve Recording
07:50

Open-source Toolkit: Benchtop Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Array for Nerve Recording

Published on: October 29, 2021

3.3K
Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings
07:37

Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

Published on: August 5, 2021

4.4K
Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording
06:36

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

Published on: September 1, 2022

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional microwire and Utah-style neural recording arrays cause adverse biological responses and performance degradation.
  • Existing carbon fiber electrodes lack scalability for high-density applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scalable, high-density, 2D carbon fiber neural recording array.
  • To overcome the limitations of current neural recording technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 32-channel carbon fiber monofilament array using silicon microfabrication and microassembly.
  • Utilizing an out-of-plane microassembly technique for fiber insertion into a silicon substrate.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 38-micron pitch, four times denser than 1D arrays, with 5-micron diameter fibers.
  • Demonstrated successful in vivo recording in rat motor cortex, capturing 22 units on 20 channels.
  • Carbon fiber electrodes showed greater lateral compliance and minimal cross-section compared to tungsten microwires.

Conclusions:

  • This high-density array represents a significant advancement in neural recording technology.
  • The fabrication technique is scalable for larger electrode counts and potential microelectronic integration.
  • Carbon fiber arrays offer a promising solution for reducing neural inflammation and increasing information density in neural recording.