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Explaining Variations in Mindfulness Levels in Daily Life.

Han Suelmann1, André Brouwers1, Evelien Snippe2

  • 11Faculteit Psychologie en Onderwijswetenschappen, Open Universiteit NL, Postbus 2960, 6401DL Heerlen, The Netherlands.

Mindfulness
|December 8, 2018
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Summary

Mindfulness is influenced by attentional competition. Factors like positive feelings and less busyness enhance present moment awareness, while stress and fatigue increase reactivity.

Keywords:
AttentionExperience samplingExperiential avoidanceIntentionMindfulness

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Mindfulness offers benefits, yet consistent practice remains challenging.
  • Attentional resources are finite, influencing the ability to be mindful.
  • Understanding factors affecting mindfulness is crucial for promoting well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the forces driving and hindering mindfulness.
  • To test a framework of attentional resource competition.
  • To examine predictors of state mindfulness in daily life.

Main Methods:

  • Experience sampling study with 29 participants over 7-10 days.
  • 1012 observations using semi-random, 5-times-daily assessments.
  • Multilevel analyses to examine predictors of present moment experience (PME) awareness and non-reactivity.

Main Results:

  • Mindful intention and positive affect increased PME awareness.
  • Feeling good, not hurried, and avoiding social interaction enhanced awareness.
  • Unpleasant affect, feeling hurried, or tired increased reactivity to PME.
  • Threat experience increased reactivity, but not awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Attentional competition effectively explains mechanisms of mindfulness.
  • Daily experiences significantly impact state mindfulness.
  • Interventions could focus on managing attention and reducing stressors.