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Related Concept Videos

Power01:08

Power

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The concept of work involves force and displacement; meanwhile, the work-energy theorem relates the net work done on a body to the difference in its kinetic energy, calculated between two points on its trajectory. While none of these quantities or relations involves time explicitly, we know that the time available to accomplish work is often just as important as the amount of work itself. For example, sprinters in a race may have achieved the same velocity at the finish, therefore,...
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Instantaneous Power01:22

Instantaneous Power

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Instantaneous power is important in electrical circuits, mainly when dealing with sinusoidal input. Instantaneous power, denoted as p(t), results from the multiplication of the instantaneous voltage (v(t)) across an element and the instantaneous current (i(t)) flowing through it. This relationship adheres to the passive sign convention and represents a fundamental principle in electrical engineering.
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Complex Power01:14

Complex Power

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Power engineers have introduced the concept of complex power to determine the cumulative effect of parallel loads. This idea plays a crucial role in power analysis because it encompasses all the details related to the power consumed by a specific load.
Complex power is defined as the multiplication of the voltage and the complex conjugate of the current. The magnitude of this power, known as apparent power, is measured in volt-amperes (VA). Notably, the angle of the complex power equates to the...
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Electrical Power01:07

Electrical Power

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Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
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Sums of Power01:22

Sums of Power

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In definite integration, Riemann sums approximate the area under a curve by dividing it into subintervals and summing the areas of rectangles. When these approximations follow predictable numerical patterns, such as arithmetic or polynomial sequences, sum formulas offer a more efficient and accurate way to compute the result. In particular, the sum of consecutive integers, squares, and cubes plays an essential role in simplifying these calculations, especially when dealing with uniform...
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Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
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With great power comes great vulnerability.

Rodrigo Leite de Oliveira1, Liqin Wang1, Rene Bernards1

  • 1Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis & Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Molecular & Cellular Oncology
|December 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Drug resistance limits targeted therapy effectiveness. However, resistant cells may develop new vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
BRAFdrug resistancehistone deacetylase inhibitormelanomareactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Clinical responses to targeted therapies are frequently transient.
  • Development of drug resistance limits overall survival benefits.
  • Mechanisms underlying acquired resistance require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept that drug-resistant cells acquire new vulnerabilities.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of exploiting these vulnerabilities.
  • To provide insights into overcoming treatment resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual analysis.
  • Discussion of preclinical and clinical observations.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Drug-resistant cells exhibit significant phenotypic and functional alterations.
  • These alterations can lead to newly acquired vulnerabilities.
  • Such vulnerabilities represent potential therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • Acquired resistance in targeted drug therapy is a complex phenomenon.
  • Understanding resistance-associated vulnerabilities is crucial for developing next-generation therapies.
  • Exploiting these vulnerabilities offers a promising strategy to improve long-term patient survival.