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Global warming and water deficit negatively impact tropical C4 grasses like Panicum maximum. Increased temperatures and drought reduce forage quality, digestibility, and nutritional value, threatening livestock production.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Climate Change Biology

Background:

  • Global warming intensifies extreme weather events, impacting agriculture and livestock.
  • Tropical livestock production is vulnerable to climate change effects on water, forage, and feed.
  • Panicum maximum Jacq. is a key C4 tropical forage grass crucial for livestock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of soil water deficit (wS) and elevated canopy temperature (+2°C, eT) on Panicum maximum.
  • To assess the isolated and combined impacts of wS and eT on physiological and forage quality parameters.
  • To understand the implications for tropical pasture resilience under climate change scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a temperature-free air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system for field experiments.
  • Applied soil water deficit (wS) and elevated canopy temperature (eT) treatments, both individually and combined.
  • Measured leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, carbohydrate content, forage quality, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD).

Main Results:

  • Soil water deficit reduced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, Vcmax, leaf dry mass, and forage quality (increased fiber, reduced protein and IVDMD).
  • Elevated temperature increased leaf dry mass but decreased forage quality (increased lignin, reduced starch, protein, and digestibility).
  • Combined treatments and individual stresses significantly increased leaf lignin content, reducing IVDMD.

Conclusions:

  • Warming and water deficit impair the quality and digestibility of C4 tropical pastures.
  • Physiological acclimation mechanisms to warming do not fully mitigate negative impacts on forage quality.
  • Findings highlight the vulnerability of tropical forage grasses to projected climate change, impacting livestock sustainability.