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Developmental differences in the neural correlates supporting semantics and syntax during sentence processing.

Julie M Schneider1, Mandy J Maguire1

  • 1The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.

Developmental Science
|December 8, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children’s language comprehension skills mature throughout childhood. Neural processes for semantic understanding develop earlier than those for syntactic processing, impacting academic and social development.

Keywords:
EEGERPdevelopmentneural oscillationssemanticssyntax

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Auditory language comprehension improves during childhood and adolescence.
  • Understanding neural development in language processing is crucial for academic and social success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate developmental changes in neural processes during language comprehension.
  • Examine how school-aged children, adolescents, and adults process semantics and syntax.

Main Methods:

  • Used electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity.
  • Participants (8-9 years, 12-13 years, adults) listened to correct/incorrect sentences.
  • Completed an acceptability judgment task.

Main Results:

  • Semantic errors showed developmental differences in theta activity, not N400.
  • Syntactic errors elicited larger P600 and beta decrease, varying with age.
  • Neural substrates for semantics mature earlier than for syntax.

Conclusions:

  • The N400 may not capture subtle semantic development in school-aged children.
  • Syntactic skill specialization continues through adolescence.
  • Semantic processing reaches adult-like neural efficiency earlier than syntactic processing.