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Correlation between human milk composition and maternal nutritional status
Agnieszka Bzikowska1, Aneta Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna1, Halina Weker1
1Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Clinical Dietetics, Poland
Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny
|January 4, 2019
Summary
Maternal nutritional status, particularly body mass index (BMI), influences human milk composition. Higher BMI in mothers is linked to increased lipid, dry matter, and energy content in breast milk.
Area of Science:
- Human milk composition
- Maternal nutrition
- Infant health
Background:
- Human milk is the optimal nutrition for infants, offering a balanced nutrient profile.
- Breast milk composition is dynamic and can be influenced by the mother's nutritional status.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the associations between human milk composition and maternal nutritional status.
- To understand how maternal body mass index (BMI) relates to key milk components.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of human milk samples from 40 exclusively breastfeeding mothers in the first month of lactation.
- Determination of macronutrient content (protein, fat, carbohydrate), dry matter, and energy using the Human Milk Analyzer.
- Assessment of maternal nutritional status through body mass index (BMI) calculated from anthropometric measurements.
Main Results:
- The majority of mothers (75%) had a normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m²), while the rest were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²).
- Median breast milk composition included 7.0 g/100ml carbohydrate, 1.1 g/100ml protein, and 3.5 g/100ml fat.
- Maternal BMI showed a positive correlation with lipid, dry matter, and energy content in breast milk (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
- Most mothers in the study were in a normal nutritional state, with some classified as overweight.
- The study confirms a correlation between maternal nutritional status and human milk composition.
- Maternal nutritional status significantly impacts the energy value and fat content of breast milk.
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