Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

824
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
824
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

25.2K
Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
25.2K
Introduction to Test of Independence01:21

Introduction to Test of Independence

3.0K
In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
3.0K
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence01:16

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

8.2K
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
8.2K
Law of Independent Assortment02:03

Law of Independent Assortment

62.7K
While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
62.7K
Components of Stress01:23

Components of Stress

536
Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and...
536

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Computational modeling in developmental science.

Advances in child development and behavior·2026
Same author

Development of Uncertainty Sensitivity: Early Competence or Protracted Development?

Developmental science·2026
Same author

Working memory shapes information sampling and attention allocation across development.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2025
Same author

A little imprecision goes a long way in launching memory development.

Child development perspectives·2025
Same author

From Uncertainty to Performance Optimization: Longitudinal Insights Into Metacognitive Development.

Child development·2025
Same author

Algorithmic personalization of information can cause inaccurate generalization and overconfidence.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

9.1K

Components of metacognition can function independently across development.

Allison P O'Leary1, Vladimir M Sloutsky2

  • 1Department of Psychology.

Developmental Psychology
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Metacognition involves monitoring and control. This study found these two components can operate independently, challenging hierarchical models. Developmental and intervention studies revealed dissociations between metacognitive monitoring and control.

More Related Videos

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
08:06

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

Published on: June 18, 2018

7.6K
Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals
05:59

Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals

Published on: May 19, 2023

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

9.1K
Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
08:06

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

Published on: June 18, 2018

7.6K
Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals
05:59

Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals

Published on: May 19, 2023

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Metacognition is theorized to comprise monitoring and control components.
  • The relationship between these components, specifically whether they function hierarchically or independently, remains debated.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for developmental and educational psychology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether metacognitive monitoring and control can operate independently.
  • To examine the developmental trajectories of metacognitive monitoring and control across different age groups.
  • To explore intervention-based changes in monitoring and control to identify dissociations.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1 assessed age-related differences in monitoring and control in children (5, 7 years) and adults.
  • Experiments 2 and 3 employed a scaffolding approach with the same age groups.
  • Interventions included strategy instruction (Experiment 2) and performance feedback (Experiment 3).

Main Results:

  • Strategy instruction selectively improved metacognitive control, not monitoring.
  • Performance feedback selectively improved metacognitive monitoring, not control.
  • These findings demonstrate dissociations between the two components across different age groups and interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Metacognitive monitoring and control can function independently.
  • The findings challenge simple feed-forward models of metacognition.
  • This supports a more nuanced understanding of metacognitive architecture and development.