Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

57.1K
Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
57.1K
Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

9.6K
The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
9.6K
Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

25.9K
A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
25.9K
Increasing Function01:18

Increasing Function

394
An increasing function exhibits a rise in output values as input values increase. This behavior is depicted graphically as a curve or line that slopes upward from left to right. Such a function satisfies the condition that if x1 < x2, then f(x1) < f(x2), indicating that the function values grow with increasing inputs. This concept is fundamental in understanding growth trends across various domains, such as population dynamics, financial investments, or resource consumption.The...
394
Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

Solution Concentration and Dilution

133.8K
The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
133.8K
Series R&#8212;L Circuit Transients01:22

Series R—L Circuit Transients

397
In a series resistor-inductor (R-L) circuit, closing the switch at the start of the time period simulates a three-phase short circuit, a fault condition where all three phases of an unloaded synchronous machine are short-circuited. When there is no fault impedance and no initial current, the initial voltage is determined by the phase angle of the source voltage.
Using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) to analyze this circuit helps determine the total asymmetrical fault current, which consists...
397

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nucleic acid nanorobot assay for accurate and simplified ASO quantification in mouse plasma.

Bioanalysis·2025
Same author

Biodistribution of lipid nanoparticle, eGFP mRNA and translated protein following subcutaneous administration in mouse.

Bioanalysis·2024
Same author

Urinary Kidney Biomarker Panel Detects Preclinical Antisense Oligonucleotide-Induced Tubular Toxicity.

Toxicologic pathology·2020
Same author

Elevated CSF GAP-43 is Alzheimer's disease specific and associated with tau and amyloid pathology.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2018
Same author

Total-tau and neurofilament light in CSF reflect spinal cord ischaemia after endovascular aortic repair.

Neurochemistry international·2015
Same author

Genome-wide analysis of genetic correlation in dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.

Neurobiology of aging·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model
05:32

Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

3.0K

Transient increase in CSF GAP-43 concentration after ischemic stroke.

Åsa Sandelius1,2, Nicholas C Cullen3,4, Åsa Källén5

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. sandelius.asa@gmail.com.

BMC Neurology
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43) levels transiently increase after stroke, correlating with stroke severity. This finding is crucial for interpreting GAP-43 as a biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCerebrospinal fluidGAP-43NeurodegenerationStroke

More Related Videos

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery
07:26

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery

Published on: May 24, 2021

8.3K
A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

15.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model
05:32

Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

3.0K
Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery
07:26

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery

Published on: May 24, 2021

8.3K
A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

15.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Research
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers offer insights into brain activity.
  • Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43) is upregulated post-ischemia, but its role in stroke is unstudied.
  • Elevated CSF GAP-43 is noted in Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in CSF GAP-43 concentrations in stroke patients.
  • To correlate CSF GAP-43 levels with stroke severity and lesion characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Measured longitudinal CSF GAP-43 in 28 stroke patients and 19 controls.
  • Assessed stroke severity, lesion size, white matter lesions, and atrophy via clinical evaluation and imaging.
  • Collected CSF samples at multiple time points post-stroke.

Main Results:

  • CSF GAP-43 concentration increased significantly from 7-9 days to 3 weeks post-stroke compared to early stages and controls.
  • GAP-43 levels returned to baseline by 3-5 months post-stroke.
  • The early increase in GAP-43 correlated with stroke severity, white matter lesions, atrophy, and infarct size.

Conclusions:

  • Transient increases in CSF GAP-43 after stroke must be considered when using it as a biomarker for other conditions like Alzheimer's disease.
  • CSF GAP-43 may indicate neuronal response to stroke.
  • Further research in larger cohorts is needed to confirm CSF GAP-43's potential as a stroke severity and outcome marker.