The preleukemic syndrome (hematopoietic dysplasia)

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Epithelial dysplasia is a known early sign of neoplasia.
• Hematopoietic dysplasia in bone marrow cells can precede acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review evidence supporting the concept of preleukemic syndrome as 'early leukemia'.
• To contextualize preleukemic syndrome within myelodysplastic disorders.
• To discuss diagnostic and prognostic laboratory studies and therapeutic options for preleukemic syndrome.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing evidence on preleukemic syndrome.
• Analysis of basic studies on bone marrow cells from patients and experimental animals.
• Examination of diagnostic and prognostic laboratory assessments.
• Summary of current therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• Preleukemic bone marrow cells are part of an established neoplastic clone.
• Preleukemic syndrome is likely an earlier diagnosis of acute leukemia, with variable progression rates.
• Laboratory studies are valuable for diagnosis and prognosis assessment.

Conclusions:

• The preleukemic syndrome is best understood as an early manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia.
• Management involves understanding its place within myelodysplastic disorders and utilizing available diagnostic and therapeutic tools.