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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Shearing Strain01:20

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Strain energy is a fundamental concept in the field of materials science and structural engineering, describing the energy absorbed by a material or structure when it is deformed under load.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

In Vitro Assay for Studying the Aggregation of Tau Protein and Drug Screening
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Published on: November 20, 2018

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Tau monomer encodes strains.

Apurwa M Sharma1,2, Talitha L Thomas1, DaNae R Woodard1

  • 1Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.

Elife
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seed-competent tau monomer adopts multiple stable conformations, each encoding unique tau prion strains. This finding offers insights into diverse tauopathies and may aid diagnosis and therapy.

Keywords:
Taubiochemistrybiosensor cellchemical biologymouseneuroscienceprionstrain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Prion Biology

Background:

  • Tauopathies exhibit varied clinical and pathological features, linked to distinct tau prion strains.
  • The origin of these tau prion strains remains unknown.
  • Previous work identified inert (Mi) and seed-competent (Ms) tau monomer conformational states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conformational diversity of seed-competent tau monomer.
  • To determine if different tau monomer ensembles encode distinct tau prion strains.
  • To explore the relationship between tau monomer conformation and tauopathy pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Propagation of synthetic tau strains (DS9, DS10) in cell lines.
  • Inoculation of tau monomer ensembles into naive cells and tauopathy mouse models (PS19).
  • Purification and analysis of seed-competent tau monomer from Alzheimer's disease and corticobasal degeneration brains.

Main Results:

  • DS9 monomer propagated a single strain, while DS10 monomer yielded multiple sub-strains.
  • Each sub-strain induced distinct neuropathology in PS19 mice.
  • Tau monomer from Alzheimer's disease brain encoded one strain, whereas corticobasal degeneration brain yielded three sub-strains.
  • Re-establishing all sub-strains from individual components demonstrated their stable, encoding nature.

Conclusions:

  • Seed-competent tau monomer exists in multiple stable conformations, each encoding specific tau prion strains.
  • This conformational plasticity explains the emergence of diverse tauopathies.
  • Findings may inform improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for tauopathies.