Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biodiversity and Human Values01:24

Biodiversity and Human Values

17.1K
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
17.1K
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

1.6K
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
1.6K
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

19.4K
Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
19.4K
Requirements for Human Life01:26

Requirements for Human Life

13.5K
The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
13.5K
Role of Proteins in the Human Body01:28

Role of Proteins in the Human Body

6.4K
Proteins are the building block of life. They are also  the most abundant macromolecules with as many diverse roles in the body. They are part of many structural components that provide unique shapes and structures to animal cells, tissues, and organs. In addition, they also act as biological catalysts and carry out several anabolic and catabolic reactions. Notably, some proteins are chemical messengers and regulate many critical processes, such as metabolism, growth, and development. They...
6.4K
Maslow's Theory of Basic Human Needs01:28

Maslow's Theory of Basic Human Needs

3.2K
Maslow's hierarchy is described with the help of a pyramidal shape. The most fundamental needs, physiological needs, are at the bottom of the pyramid.
Physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, sex, physical comfort, and survival are at the bottom of the pyramid. These are the components that are necessary to sustain life. Once the first level of needs has been met, the second level arises.
Safety needs include stability and predictability. Protection and freedom from danger are all a part...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Leucettinib-21 decreases dosage effects of DYRK1A in human trisomy 21 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells.

Disease models & mechanisms·2026
Same author

Molecular and cellular processes disrupted in the early postnatal Down syndrome prefrontal cortex.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Leucettinib-21 decreases dosage effects of DYRK1A in human trisomy 21 iPSC-derived neural cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Development of Molecular Neuropathology in Down Syndrome across the Lifespan.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Single-nucleus analysis reveals oxidative stress in Down syndrome basal forebrain neurons at birth.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Molecular and cellular processes disrupted in the early postnatal Down syndrome prefrontal cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Generation of iPSC-derived Human Brain Organoids to Model Early Neurodevelopmental Disorders
07:40

Generation of iPSC-derived Human Brain Organoids to Model Early Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: April 14, 2017

21.4K

Human Models Are Needed for Studying Human Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Xinyu Zhao1, Anita Bhattacharyya2

  • 1Waisman Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA.

American Journal of Human Genetics
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Animal models offer insights into neurodevelopment but fail to capture human-specific aspects of brain diseases. Human stem cell models are crucial for understanding unique human biology and disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
braincerebral cortexdevelopmental disordersevolutionhumanintellectual disabilitymodelingneuralpluripotent stem cellsspecies

More Related Videos

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells NPCs
10:47

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells NPCs

Published on: March 2, 2018

10.5K
Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
07:43

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: May 12, 2015

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Generation of iPSC-derived Human Brain Organoids to Model Early Neurodevelopmental Disorders
07:40

Generation of iPSC-derived Human Brain Organoids to Model Early Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: April 14, 2017

21.4K
Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells NPCs
10:47

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells NPCs

Published on: March 2, 2018

10.5K
Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
07:43

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: May 12, 2015

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Animal models are vital for studying neurodevelopment and brain diseases.
  • However, they have significant limitations in reflecting human-specific development, genetics, and pathology.
  • These limitations are particularly pronounced in brain disorders, potentially hindering therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize human-specific features of neurodevelopment and common neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • To highlight discrepancies between animal models and human diseases.
  • To evaluate the utility of human stem cell models for studying human-specific biology and disease mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neurodevelopment, neurodevelopmental disorders, and comparative disease modeling.
  • Analysis of human-specific features in neurodevelopment and disease.
  • Assessment of human pluripotent stem cells as a model system.

Main Results:

  • Animal models inadequately represent human-specific aspects of neurodevelopment and brain diseases.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells offer a valuable platform for investigating human-specific biological processes and disease mechanisms.
  • Significant challenges remain in fully utilizing human stem cell models for distinctively human aspects of brain research.

Conclusions:

  • A critical evaluation of both human and animal models is necessary for accurate disease modeling.
  • Human stem cell models are essential for understanding human-specific neurodevelopment and neurological disorders.
  • Future research should focus on overcoming challenges to fully leverage human stem cell models in neuroscience.