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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
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Duxbling Stem Cells Meet Tumorigenesis.

Beat W Schäfer1

  • 1Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.

Cell Stem Cell
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers found that muscle stem cells can transform into rhabdomyosarcoma, a type of cancer. This discovery offers new insights into tumor initiation and heterogeneity in muscle cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Muscle Regeneration

Background:

  • Identifying tumor-initiating cells is crucial for understanding cancer heterogeneity and treatment responses.
  • This has been a significant challenge in many cancer types, including rhabdomyosarcoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of muscle stem cells to initiate and propagate tumors.
  • To provide direct evidence for the role of specific cell populations in rhabdomyosarcoma development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a model system to study the transformation of muscle stem cells.
  • Analyzed the capacity of these transformed cells to form and sustain tumors in vivo.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that regenerating muscle satellite cells can be directly transformed.

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  • Provided conclusive evidence that these transformed cells can initiate and propagate rhabdomyosarcoma tumors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Muscle satellite cells are a potential cell of origin for rhabdomyosarcoma.
    • This finding advances the understanding of tumor-initiating mechanisms in muscle cancers and highlights stem cell plasticity.