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Early-pregnancy weight gain and the risk of preeclampsia: A case-cohort study

Lisa M Bodnar1, Katherine P Himes2, Barbara Abrams3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.

Pregnancy Hypertension
|December 12, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Early pregnancy weight gain is linked to preeclampsia risk, especially in normal-weight women. Weight loss in early pregnancy may reduce preeclampsia risk for obese women, informing future weight gain guidelines.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Public Health Nutrition

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication.
  • Current pregnancy weight gain recommendations may not fully account for early gestational weight changes.
  • Understanding the association between early weight gain and preeclampsia is crucial for maternal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between early pregnancy weight gain and the risk of developing preeclampsia.
  • To provide data that can inform updated pregnancy weight gain recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • A case-cohort study was conducted using a hospital database of 80,812 singleton deliveries.
  • Early gestational weight gain (16-19 weeks) was standardized using BMI-specific z-score charts.
  • Multivariable log-binomial regression analyzed the association between weight gain z-score and preeclampsia risk.

Main Results:

  • For normal-weight women, increased early gestational weight gain was associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia.
  • Weight loss in early pregnancy among severely obese women correlated with a reduced preeclampsia risk.
  • No significant associations were found for overweight or mildly obese women.

Conclusions:

  • Early pregnancy weight gain patterns may influence preeclampsia risk differently across various prepregnancy BMI groups.
  • Future pregnancy weight gain guidelines should consider the impact of early gestational weight changes on preeclampsia risk.
Abstract

Keywords:
Body mass indexGestational hypertensionGestational weight gainObesityPreeclampsiaPregnancy hypertension

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