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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

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Published on: September 1, 2018

The Future of Complementarity: Disentangling Causes from Consequences.

Kathryn E Barry¹, Liesje Mommer², Jasper van Ruijven²

¹Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

|December 12, 2018

Summary

Biodiversity enhances ecosystem functioning through mechanisms like complementarity. This study distinguishes three key drivers: resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks, crucial for understanding ecosystem responses to biodiversity loss.

Keywords:

Abiotic facilitation Biodiversity Biotic feedbacks Complementarity Complementarity effect Ecosystem functioning Plant-soil feedback Resource partitioning Resource tracers Stress amelioration

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Environmental Science

Background:

Biodiversity is linked to ecosystem functioning, but the precise mechanisms are not fully understood.
Complementarity, often measured as overperformance in mixtures, is a leading hypothesis.
Current measures may conflate true complementarity with other drivers of overperformance.

Purpose of the Study:

To differentiate the mechanisms underlying the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship.
To identify distinct types of species differences contributing to enhanced ecosystem functioning.
To provide a framework for predicting ecosystem responses to biodiversity loss.

Main Methods:

Conceptual differentiation of complementarity into distinct causal pathways.
Analysis of indirect quantification of complementarity effects.
Distinguishing between resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks.

Main Results:

Overperformance in diverse ecosystems can stem from multiple, unassociated causes.
Three distinct types of species differences are proposed: resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks.
These factors contribute to enhanced ecosystem functioning in diverse communities.

Conclusions:

Disentangling the specific drivers of enhanced ecosystem functioning is critical.
Understanding these mechanisms is essential for predicting ecosystem stability and resilience.
Future research should focus on separating these distinct causal pathways to advance ecological theory and conservation efforts.