Susceptibility or Resilience to Maltreatment Can Be Explained by Specific Differences in Brain Network Architecture
Kyoko Ohashi1, Carl M Anderson2, Elizabeth A Bolger2
1Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Biological Psychiatry
|December 12, 2018
Summary
Childhood maltreatment can lead to psychopathology, but some individuals show resilience. This study found that altered brain network efficiency, particularly in the right amygdala, may protect resilient individuals from developing psychiatric disorders despite early adversity.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Network Science
Background:
- Childhood maltreatment is a significant risk factor for psychopathology.
- Some maltreated individuals exhibit resilience, maintaining mental well-being despite brain abnormalities similar to those with psychopathology.
- Identifying compensatory brain alterations in resilient individuals is crucial for understanding mental health resilience.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate network-based explanatory models of resilience following childhood maltreatment.
- To identify specific brain network alterations associated with resilience in maltreated individuals.
- To understand how brain network properties mitigate the psychiatric effects of childhood adversity.
Main Methods:
- Constructed network models using diffusion tensor imaging and tractography.
- Analyzed data from 342 participants (192 maltreated) aged 18-25.
- Defined resilience based on the absence of lifetime psychopathology or current clinically significant symptoms.
Main Results:
- Resilient and susceptible individuals showed similar global network architecture alterations post-maltreatment.
- Right amygdala nodal efficiency was lower in resilient individuals compared to susceptible and control groups.
- Reduced nodal efficiency in eight other brain regions moderated the link between maltreatment and psychopathology.
- Network models accurately predicted group membership (control, susceptible, resilient) with high cross-validated accuracy (75-82%).
Conclusions:
- Sparse fiber networks with increased small-worldness after maltreatment can increase vulnerability to psychopathology.
- Decreased information propagation efficiency in specific brain nodes may confer resilience against the psychiatric effects of maltreatment.
- Brain network alterations, particularly nodal efficiency, play a key role in mediating resilience to childhood adversity.
Keywords:
Abuse and neglectAnxietyBrain network architectureChildhood adversityDepressionEarly life stressMore Related Videos
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