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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
Published on: July 24, 2010
Factorization of preparative protein chromatograms with hard-constraint multivariate curve resolution and
Matthias Rüdt1, Sebastian Andris1, Robin Schiemer1
1Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Abstract:
Current biopharmaceutical production heavily relies on chromatography for protein purification. Recently, research has intensified towards finding suitable solutions to monitoring the chromatographic steps by multivariate spectroscopic sensors. Here, hard-constraint multivariate curve resolution (MCR) was investigated as a calibration-free method for factorizing bilinear preparative protein chromatograms into concentrations and spectra. Protein elutions were assumed to follow exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) curves. In three case studies, MCR was applied to chromatograms of second-derivative ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) spectra. The three case studies consisted of the separation of a ternary mixture (ribonuclease A, cytochrome c, and lysozyme), multiple binary chromatography runs of cytochrome c and lysozyme, and the separation of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) from unconjugated immunoglobulin G (IgG). In all case studies, good estimates of the elution curves were obtained. R2 values compared to off-line analytics exceeded 0.90. The estimated spectra allowed for protein identification based on a protein spectral library. In summary, MCR was shown to be well able to factorize protein chromatograms without prior calibration. The method may thus substantially simplify analysis of multivariate protein chromatograms with multiple co-eluting species. It may be especially useful in process development.
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