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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
Published on: February 25, 2020
Predictive biomarkers of response for immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer
Arsela Prelaj1, Rebecca Tay2, Roberto Ferrara3
1Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Department of Radiological, Pathological and Oncological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
Abstract:
Immune checkpoint blockade has been a pivotal development in the management of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although durable antitumour activity and improved survival have been observed in a subset of patients, there is a need for additional predictive biomarkers to improve patient selection and avoid toxicity in potential non-responders. This review will address the use and limitations of tumour programmed death-ligand 1 expression as a predictive biomarker and review emerging biomarker strategies specifically related to NSCLC including genetic alterations (tumour mutation burden, loss and gain activated mutations), tumour-related factors (tumour microenvironment) and factors related to the host immune system. Novel approaches in biomarker detection such as peripheral blood monitoring will also be reviewed.
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