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Review of diffusion MRI studies in chronic white matter diseases
Rajikha Raja1, Gary Rosenberg2, Arvind Caprihan1
1The MIND Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
Abstract:
Diffusion MRI studies characterizing the changes in white matter (WM) due to vascular cognitive impairment, which includes all forms of small vessel disease are reviewed. We reviewed the usefulness of diffusion methods in discriminating the affected WM regions and its relation to cognitive impairment. These studies were categorized based on the diffusion MRI techniques used. The most common method was the diffusion tensor imaging, whereas other methods included diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, and studies based on diffusion tractography. The diffusion measures showed correlation with cognitive scores and disease progression, with mean diffusivity being the most robust parameter. Future studies should focus on incorporating multi-compartment and higher order diffusion models, which can handle the presence of multiple and crossing fibers inside a voxel.
Insights
Diffusion MRI effectively detects white matter changes in vascular cognitive impairment. Mean diffusivity is a robust measure correlating with cognitive decline and disease progression in small vessel disease.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- White Matter Diseases
- Cognitive Impairment
Background:
- Vascular cognitive impairment, encompassing small vessel disease, significantly impacts white matter integrity.
- Diffusion MRI offers sensitive insights into microstructural brain changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review diffusion MRI techniques for characterizing white matter alterations in vascular cognitive impairment.
- To assess the utility of diffusion MRI in identifying affected brain regions and their link to cognitive function.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of diffusion MRI studies.
- Categorization based on techniques: diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, and diffusion tractography.
Main Results:
- Diffusion MRI measures correlate with cognitive scores and disease progression.
- Mean diffusivity emerged as the most reliable diffusion parameter.
- Various diffusion MRI techniques demonstrate potential in discriminating affected white matter regions.
Conclusions:
- Diffusion MRI is valuable for understanding white matter changes in vascular cognitive impairment.
- Future research should explore advanced diffusion models for improved accuracy in complex white matter.
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