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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
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Tonic thermonociceptive stimulation selectively modulates ongoing neural oscillations in the human posterior insula:

Giulia Liberati1, Maxime Algoet1, Susana Ferrao Santos2

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.

Neuroimage
|December 12, 2018
PubMed

The human insula is an important target for spinothalamic input, but there is still no consensus on its role in pain perception and nociception. In this study, we show that the human insula exhibits activity preferential for sustained thermonociception. Using intracerebral EEG recorded from the insula of 8 patients (2 females) undergoing a presurgical evaluation of focal epilepsy (53 contacts: 27 anterior, 26 posterior), we "frequency-tagged" the insular activity elicited by sustained thermonociceptive and vibrotactile stimuli, by periodically modulating stimulation intensity at a fixed frequency of 0.2 Hz during 75 s. Both types of stimuli elicited an insular response at the frequency of stimulation (0.2 Hz) and its harmonics, whose magnitude was significantly greater in the posterior insula compared to the anterior insula. Compared to vibrotactile stimulation, thermonociceptive stimulation exerted a markedly greater 0.2 Hz modulation of ongoing theta-band (4-8 Hz) and alpha-band (8-12 Hz) oscillations. These modulations were also more prominent in the posterior insula compared to the anterior insula. The identification of oscillatory activities preferential for thermonociception could lead to new insights into the physiological mechanisms of nociception and pain perception in humans.

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