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Two components of the Indo-Arabic numerical size effect.

Petia Kojouharova1, Attila Krajcsi2

  • 1Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1064 Budapest, Izabella utca 46, Hungary; Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1064 Budapest, Izabella utca 46, Hungary.

Acta Psychologica
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Number comparison size effects are influenced by stimulus frequency, even in established Indo-Arabic numerals. This frequency effect is limited but rapidly acquired, supporting frequency-based explanations for the size effect.

Keywords:
Analogue Number SystemDiscrete Semantic SystemIndo-Arabic numbersNumber comparisonNumerical size effect

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Numerical cognition
  • Human perception

Background:

  • The size effect in number comparison tasks, where smaller numbers are processed faster, is often attributed to the ratio effect and Weber's law.
  • Alternative theories propose that stimulus frequency, with smaller numbers being more frequent, influences processing ease.
  • Prior research showed frequency effects on size effects using artificial number digits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if stimulus frequency influences the size effect in the established Indo-Arabic numeral system.
  • To determine the extent and acquisition speed of frequency's influence on the size effect in Indo-Arabic numbers.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a symbolic number comparison task using Indo-Arabic numerals.
  • Stimulus frequency of numbers was manipulated or considered within the established numeral system.
  • Performance metrics (accuracy, reaction time) were analyzed to assess the size effect and frequency influence.

Main Results:

  • A limited influence of stimulus frequency on the size effect was observed in Indo-Arabic number comparison.
  • This frequency-based modulation of the size effect was acquired rapidly at the beginning of the experimental session.
  • The findings suggest that frequency plays a role, albeit constrained, in established numeral systems.

Conclusions:

  • Results support frequency-based accounts of the size effect in numerical cognition.
  • The study highlights that even in familiar number systems, processing is modulated by learned stimulus frequencies.
  • The rapid acquisition of this effect suggests efficient adaptation to number frequencies.