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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

Pharmaceutical Equivalents

201
As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
201
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

198
Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
198
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:19

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

187
Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...
187
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

525
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
525
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

175
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
175
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

1.1K
Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
1.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications
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Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications

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Pharmaceutical applications of chitosan.

Zahra Shariatinia1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), P.O.Box: 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Chitosan, a natural polymer derived from chitin, offers remarkable biocompatibility and biodegradability. Its unique properties enable diverse applications in medicine, drug delivery, and food science.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial activityChitosanDrug delivery systemsPharmaceutical applicationsTissue engineeringWound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Chitosan (CS) is a biodegradable polysaccharide derived from chitin, abundant in nature.
  • It exhibits favorable properties like biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and ease of modification.
  • CS possesses functional groups enabling interactions with various molecules and surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties and diverse applications of chitosan and its derivatives.
  • To highlight chitosan's potential in pharmaceutical, medical, and food industries.
  • To present recent advancements, including molecular dynamics simulations in drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of chitosan properties and applications.
  • Analysis of chitosan's chemical structure and functional groups.
  • Inclusion of recent research findings and simulation studies.

Main Results:

  • Chitosan demonstrates versatility in forming films, gels, nanoparticles, and microparticles.
  • Its cationic nature in acidic conditions facilitates antimicrobial activity and molecular interactions.
  • CS and its derivatives are extensively explored for drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, and food preservation.

Conclusions:

  • Chitosan is a highly promising biomaterial with a wide spectrum of applications.
  • Its unique chemical and physical properties drive innovation in medicine and industry.
  • Further research, including computational simulations, will continue to expand chitosan's utility.