Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 1, 2026
06:10
Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
Published on: March 31, 2023
1.5K
Muography: overview and future directions
Ralf Kaiser1,2
1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK ralf.kaiser@glasgow.ac.uk.
Summary
Cosmic-ray muography, a technique using atmospheric particles for imaging, is rapidly advancing from research to commercial use. This overview explores its current state and future potential in 2018.
Area of Science:
- Particle Physics
- Geophysics
- Imaging Technology
Background:
- Cosmic-ray muography leverages high-energy particles from atmospheric cosmic rays for imaging.
- The field has experienced significant development over the past 15 years.
- It is transitioning from academic research to practical commercial applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of the current state of cosmic-ray muography as of 2018.
- To discuss the evolving nomenclature within the developing field.
- To project future directions and applications of muography.
Main Methods:
- This overview focuses on the field's applications and trajectory, not detailed physics or detector technology.
- References are made to other papers within the issue for in-depth technical details.
- The approach is a high-level survey of the muography landscape.
Main Results:
- The field of muography is dynamic, with rapid technological advancements.
- Emerging applications are driving the need for standardized terminology.
- The transition to commercial viability is a key trend.
Conclusions:
- Cosmic-ray muography is a rapidly evolving field with diverse applications.
- The nomenclature is still developing, reflecting the field's expansion.
- Future growth is anticipated, moving beyond traditional research settings.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:09Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups
6.0K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
6.0K
01:14Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups
8.5K
Ortho–para directors are substituent groups attached to the benzene ring and direct the addition of an electrophile to the positions ortho or para to the substituent. All electron-donating groups are considered ortho–para directors. They donate electrons to the ring and make the ring more electron-rich. The ring is therefore susceptible to the addition of electrophiles. Substituents such as amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy, containing lone pairs on the atom adjacent to the ring, donate...
8.5K
01:14Directional Terms
16.3K
Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to...
16.3K
01:25Directional Relays
614
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
614
01:40Overview of Metabolism
38.2K
Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
38.2K
01:19Overview of Functional Groups
15.6K
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, certain functional groups will make a molecule hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each functional group is a unique...
15.6K