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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Detecting white matter alterations in multiple sclerosis using advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.

Sourajit M Mustafi1, Jaroslaw Harezlak2, Chandana Kodiweera3

  • 1Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Neural Regeneration Research
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Advanced diffusion MRI techniques can detect subtle white matter changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. These methods reveal microstructural alterations in normal-appearing white matter and lesions, aiding in disease characterization.

Keywords:
NODDIdiffusion tensor imaginghybrid diffusion imagingmultiple sclerosisq-space imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • White Matter Microstructure

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by neurodegeneration and inflammation, with demyelinating lesions in white matter.
  • Non-invasive characterization of white matter microstructural alterations is crucial for understanding MS progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sensitivity of advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) metrics in characterizing white matter microstructural changes in MS.
  • To compare diffusion metrics across lesions, perilesion areas, and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Seven diffusion metrics were extracted using classic diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and q-space imaging (QSI).
  • Analysis was performed on 36 regions of interest (ROIs) in the white matter of six female MS patients, including T2-defined lesions, perilesion areas, and NAWM.

Main Results:

  • Microstructural alterations were observed from NAWM to perilesion areas and lesions.
  • Findings indicated decreased tissue restriction, reduced axonal density, and increased classic DTI diffusivity in affected areas.
  • Diffusion compartment modeling and QSI demonstrated sensitivity in detecting subtle microstructural differences between perilesion areas and NAWM.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced dMRI techniques, including diffusion compartment modeling and QSI, are sensitive to subtle white matter microstructural changes in MS.
  • These findings support the potential of dMRI for non-invasively characterizing neurodegeneration and inflammation in MS.