Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...

Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant

Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant

Narcissistic and avoidant personality traits represent two contrasting patterns of behavior that significantly influence social interactions and self-perception. While individuals with narcissistic disorder seek admiration and validation, individuals with avoidant personality disorder withdraw due to fear of judgment.
Characteristics of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic individuals exhibit an inflated sense of self-importance and an excessive need for admiration. They are often...

What is Natural Selection?

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.

Antibiotic Selection

Antibiotic Selection

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Real-World Cancer Genomic Profiling at a Cooperative Hospital for Cancer Genomic Medicine in Japan.

Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi·2026

Same author

Analysis of diverting ileostomy for colorectal cancer surgery: stenosis and T4 invasion are risk factors of reoperation due to anastomotic leakage, even when ileostomy is performed.

International journal of colorectal disease·2026

Same author

Treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis: is interval appendectomy an effective strategy?

Surgery today·2026

Same author

[A Case of Laparoscopic Completion Gastrectomy for Pouch Dysfunction after Proximal Gastrectomy].

Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy·2026

Same author

[A Case of Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy and Partial Colectomy for Solitary Splenic Metastasis from Gastric Cancer].

Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy·2026

Same author

Effect of the Extent of Thymus Excision on the Risk of Subsequent Cancer Development.

European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Aging on Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Aging on Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning

Published on: February 16, 2024

Hatano rats selectively bred for high- and low-avoidance learning: an overview.

Ryo Ohta¹, Kohich Kojima¹

¹Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa 257-8523, Japan.

Experimental Animals

|December 12, 2018

Summary

Hatano high-avoidance animals (HAA) and low-avoidance animals (LAA) demonstrate distinct behavioral and stress response differences. These selectively bred rat lines offer controlled hereditary traits valuable for future toxicological research.

Keywords:

avoidance learning rat reproduction selective breeding stress response

More Related Videos

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Published on: October 15, 2021

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Aging on Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Aging on Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning

Published on: February 16, 2024

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Published on: October 15, 2021

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

Area of Science:

Behavioral Neuroscience
Animal Models
Toxicology

Background:

Established in 1985, Hatano high- and low-avoidance animals (HAA and LAA) are selectively bred Sprague Dawley rats.
Selection was based on performance in a shuttlebox active avoidance learning task.

Purpose of the Study:

To review studies on the HAA and LAA rat lines.
To highlight their utility in toxicological research due to controlled hereditary traits.

Main Methods:

Selective breeding of Sprague Dawley rats for high and low avoidance learning.
Behavioral testing using a shuttlebox task.
Observation of stress responses and reproductive functions.

Main Results:

Significant strain differences observed between HAA and LAA lines in active avoidance learning.
Differences also noted in stress responses and reproductive functions.
Consistent results observed between active and passive avoidance tasks.

Conclusions:

Hatano rats (HAA and LAA) exhibit well-controlled hereditary behavioral and endocrine characteristics.
These rat lines are valuable models for next-generation toxicological studies.
The matched results in active and passive avoidance tasks underscore their utility.