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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction and Cutaneous Tuberculosis.

Carmen Maldonado-Bernal1, Alberto Ramos-Garibay2, Nora Rios-Sarabia3

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This study demonstrates Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in 80% of cutaneous tuberculosis skin biopsies using nested PCR. This finding implicates the bacterium in the pathogenesis of various skin tuberculosis forms.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cutaneous tuberculosis is debated due to detection challenges.
  • Traditional microbiological and histological methods often fail to identify mycobacteria in tuberculid lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in various clinical forms of cutaneous tuberculosis.
  • To investigate the direct involvement of M. tuberculosis in the pathogenesis of skin lesions.

Main Methods:

  • DNA extraction from 30 paraffin-embedded skin biopsies of confirmed cutaneous tuberculosis cases.
  • Utilized multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by nested PCR to amplify M. tuberculosis genomic fragments.
  • Included 4 normal skin biopsies as negative controls.

Main Results:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was successfully amplified in 80% (24/30) of the cutaneous tuberculosis samples.
  • No mycobacterial DNA was detected in the control normal skin biopsies.
  • The study covered diverse forms including scrofuloderma, lupus vulgaris, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, rosacea-like tuberculosis, papulonecrotic tuberculosis, and erythema induratum.

Conclusions:

  • The high detection rate of M. tuberculosis DNA strongly implicates the bacterium in the pathogenesis of multiple clinical presentations of cutaneous tuberculosis.
  • Nested PCR is an effective method for detecting M. tuberculosis in challenging clinical samples like skin biopsies.
  • This study provides molecular evidence supporting M. tuberculosis as the causative agent in a majority of tested cutaneous tuberculosis cases.