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The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Thomas G Liman1,2,3, Eberhard Siebert4, Matthias Endres1,2,3,5,6

  • 1Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB).

Current Opinion in Neurology
|December 12, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a recognized condition with diverse symptoms and imaging findings. Further research is needed to standardize diagnosis and predict patient outcomes effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological condition characterized by cerebral endotheliopathy, blood-brain barrier disruption, and vasogenic edema.
  • PRES is increasingly recognized since its initial description in 1996, yet its broad clinical and radiological spectrum remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pathophysiological mechanisms of PRES.
  • To discuss diagnostic approaches and recent findings on patient outcomes.
  • To outline future research directions for PRES.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Analysis of clinical and radiological features of PRES.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and outcome predictors.

Main Results:

  • PRES presents with seizures, headache, visual disturbances, and altered mental state, with edema typically in the parieto-occipital region but also in atypical areas.
  • Early and adequate treatment by addressing the underlying cause generally leads to a favorable prognosis.
  • Complications like intracranial hemorrhage can result in neurological deficits and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Validated diagnostic criteria and algorithms are essential for standardizing PRES diagnosis.
  • Future prospective studies should focus on risk factors for poor outcomes.
  • Identifying the predictive roles of imaging, clinical symptoms, and biomarkers is crucial for managing PRES.