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Uncoupled activation and cyclization in catmint reductive terpenoid biosynthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Metabolic Engineering

Background:

  • Terpene synthases traditionally create complex scaffolds in one active site.
  • Iridoid synthase is an atypical terpene synthase, activating substrates but not completing cyclization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify enzymes responsible for nepetalactol cyclization.
  • Characterize the mechanism of nepetalactone biosynthesis.
  • Explore novel enzyme classes in terpene metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme activity assays.
  • Protein expression and purification.
  • Structural characterization (X-ray crystallography).
  • Biochemical analysis of enzyme-substrate interactions.

Main Results:

  • Iridoid synthase produces a reactive enol intermediate from 8-oxogeranial.
  • A novel class of short-chain dehydrogenases (NEPS) from Nepeta mussinii were identified.
  • NEPS enzymes catalyze stereoselective cyclization of the intermediate to nepetalactols.
  • NEPS1 oxidizes nepetalactols to nepetalactones.
  • NEPS3 binds NAD+ but uses a non-oxidoreductive cyclization mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Discovered a two-enzyme system for iridoid and nepetalactone biosynthesis.
  • Revealed a novel cyclization mechanism involving NAD+ binding without redox activity.
  • Findings enhance understanding of iridoid and monoterpene indole alkaloid metabolic pathways.