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Optimizing Hemp Fiber Production for High Performance Composite Applications.

Salvatore Musio1,2,3, Jörg Müssig2, Stefano Amaducci1

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Summary

Optimizing hemp processing, including yellow-stem varieties and controlled retting, enhances fiber yield and quality for industrial applications. Hemp fiber shows potential comparable to flax for high-performance composites.

Keywords:
IFBTfiber qualityhemphigh performance compositesrettingyellow stem

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Materials Science
  • Textile Engineering

Background:

  • Hemp is a versatile crop with potential for industrial raw materials.
  • The European hemp fiber market is stagnating compared to seeds and phytocannabinoids.
  • Optimizing agronomic and post-harvest techniques is crucial for sustainable hemp fiber market growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the effects of genotypes, harvest times, retting, and processing on hemp fiber yield and quality for wet-spun yarns.
  • Assess the suitability of processed hemp fiber for high-performance composites.
  • Compare conventional green-stem varieties with yellow-stem varieties.

Main Methods:

  • Compared green-stem and yellow-stem hemp varieties harvested at full flower and seed maturity.
  • Evaluated un-retted and dew-retted stems, with bio-degumming for un-retted fibers.
  • Utilized flax processing machinery for scutching and hackling.
  • Assessed hackled hemp quality and composite strength using the Impregnated Fiber Bundle Test.

Main Results:

  • Yellow-stem hemp varieties demonstrated higher scutching efficiency than green-stem varieties.
  • Hemp harvested at full flowering yielded stronger composites than that harvested at seed maturity.
  • Controlled dew retting increased hackled fiber yield compared to bio-degumming.
  • Back-calculated fiber properties indicated suitability for high-performance composites, comparable to high-quality flax.

Conclusions:

  • The yellow-stem trait indicates improved hemp processability and yields finer hackled fibers.
  • Harvest time and retting methods significantly influence hemp fiber yield and mechanical properties.
  • Long hemp fiber bundles are suitable for high-performance composites, offering properties comparable to high-quality flax.