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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Non-coding RNA influences in dementia.

Duncan Ayers1,2, Charles Scerri3

  • 1Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta.

Non-Coding RNA Research
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), like microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are crucial in dementia pathogenesis. Research into ncRNA-induced pathways offers potential for new dementia diagnostics and therapies.

Keywords:
DementiaNon-coding RNAlncRNAmiRNAmicroRNAncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Dementia is a progressive cognitive decline syndrome, significantly impacting daily living and global healthcare.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, presenting a major health challenge.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules not translated into proteins, representing a significant portion of the genome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of ncRNAs in dementia pathogenesis.
  • To emphasize the importance of studying ncRNA-induced pathways for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • To identify potential diagnostic markers and drug targets for dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on ncRNA functions in neurological disorders.
  • Analysis of known ncRNA families, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, in disease pathways.
  • Exploration of ncRNA's influence on cognitive decline and daily living impairments.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs, particularly miRNAs and lncRNAs, exert widespread influence across disease pathways.
  • Dysregulation of ncRNAs is implicated in the complex pathology of dementia.
  • ncRNA research offers a promising avenue for understanding dementia's molecular underpinnings.

Conclusions:

  • Focusing on ncRNA-induced pathogeneses is vital for advancing dementia research.
  • ncRNAs represent a key area for developing innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for dementia.
  • Targeting ncRNAs could lead to effective treatments for this devastating condition.