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Risk for ASD in Preterm Infants: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study

Ayelet Harel-Gadassi1, Edwa Friedlander2, Maya Yaari2

  • 1School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel.

Autism Research and Treatment
|December 12, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Parental reports indicated a higher long-term risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in preterm infants compared to full-term infants. Lower gestational age and developmental delays in preterm children correlated with increased ASD risk.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) risk assessment in preterm vs. full-term infants.
  • Investigating neonatal risk factors and developmental characteristics linked to ASD.
  • Utilizing both observational tools and parental feedback for comprehensive evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the long-term risk of ASD in preterm and full-term children.
  • To identify neonatal and developmental predictors of ASD in this population.
  • To evaluate the concordance between observational instruments and parental reports in ASD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 110 preterm (≤34 weeks gestation) and 39 full-term children.
  • Assessments conducted at 18, 24, and 36 months of corrected age.
  • Utilized Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), and Mullen Scales of Early Learning.

Main Results:

  • Parental reports suggested a higher long-term ASD risk than observational instruments.
  • Preterm children showed higher ASD risk at 18 and 24 months compared to full-term peers.
  • At 36 months, ASD diagnosis was supported by clinical judgment and parental reports for one preterm child, despite ADOS scores.

Conclusions:

  • Parental reports are crucial for identifying potential ASD risk, especially in preterm infants.
  • Preterm birth, earlier gestational age, and lower developmental abilities are significant risk factors for ASD.
  • Discrepancies between observational and parental data highlight the need for multifaceted ASD assessment.
Abstract

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