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A proposal for a new classification of pes anserinus morphology
Łukasz Olewnik1, Bartosz Gonera2, Michał Podgórski3
1Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. lukasz.olewnik@umed.lodz.pl.
Summary
The pes anserinus (PA) shows significant morphological variation, with accessory bands complicating tendon harvesting for procedures like anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. A new classification aids surgical planning.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Orthopedic Surgery
Background:
- The pes anserinus (PA) exhibits considerable morphological diversity.
- Tendons of the gracilis and semitendinosus muscles are frequently harvested for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
- Accessory bands within PA tendons can complicate surgical procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a novel morphological classification for the pes anserinus.
- To address the clinical importance of PA morphology variations, particularly accessory bands.
- To improve surgical planning for procedures involving PA tendon harvesting.
Main Methods:
- Classical anatomical dissection of 102 lower limbs.
- Assessment of PA morphology, including accessory bands and insertion types.
- Morphometric measurements of accessory bands.
Main Results:
- The pes anserinus was consistently present, formed by sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus tendons.
- Six distinct PA morphologies were identified based on accessory bands.
- The most common type involved monotendinous sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus tendons (52.9%).
- Three insertion types (short, band-shaped, fan-shaped) were observed.
Conclusions:
- Pes anserinus morphology is highly variable.
- Accessory bands in gracilis and semitendinosus tendons frequently complicate harvesting.
- The proposed classification can enhance surgical planning for PA-related procedures.
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