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Sex estimation using the mandibular canine index components.

Álvaro Azevedo1,2, Maria Lurdes Pereira1,2, Sónia Gouveia3

  • 1Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200 - 393, Porto, Portugal.

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The mandibular canine index (MCI) is unreliable for sex estimation. Analyzing its components, specifically MD43, offers higher accuracy for forensic identification when teeth are available.

Keywords:
Dental techniquesMCIMandibular canineOdontometricsSex estimation

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Odontology
  • Human Identification

Background:

  • The mandibular canine index (MCI) is a method for sex estimation in forensic science.
  • Existing studies report conflicting accuracy rates for the MCI.
  • The requirement for both mandibular canines limits its applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the MCI for sex estimation by analyzing its components.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of individual MCI components and variations.
  • To identify the most accurate metric for sex determination using mandibular canine morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of mesiodistal dimensions of mandibular canine crowns and arch width in 120 dental casts.
  • Analysis of five predictor variables: standard MCI, left canine MCI, and MCI components (MD43, MD33, D33-43).
  • Multivariate binary logistic regression and ROC analysis for sex classification accuracy.

Main Results:

  • MCI variations (MCI43, MCI33) showed lower performance (64.2%, 63.3%).
  • Highest accuracy (85.8%) was achieved using MD43 and MD33 components.
  • A logistic model using only MD43 demonstrated equivalent accuracy to a multivariate model.

Conclusions:

  • MD43 is a more accurate and reliable metric than the standard MCI for sex estimation.
  • This simplified approach enhances the utility of mandibular canine measurements in forensic identification.
  • The study recommends using MD43 for improved sex determination in forensic scenarios.