Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

406
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
406
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

428
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
428
Second Order systems I01:20

Second Order systems I

598
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
598
Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

8.0K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
8.0K
Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

592
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
592
Classification of Systems-II01:31

Classification of Systems-II

501
Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,
501

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ministring DNA (msDNA): a novel linear covalently-closed DNA with enhanced stability for gene and cell therapy applications.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Manufacturing DNA in <i>E. coli</i> yields higher-fidelity DNA than <i>in vitro</i> enzymatic synthesis.

Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development·2024
Same author

The effects of amyloid beta aggregation on neuronal transcription.

IBRO neuroscience reports·2023
Same author

EGFR-targeted bacteriophage lambda penetrates model stromal and colorectal carcinoma tissues, is taken up into carcinoma cells, and interferes with 3-dimensional tumor formation.

Frontiers in immunology·2023
Same author

Advances in gene-based vaccine platforms to address the COVID-19 pandemic.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2021
Same author

Bacteriophage interactions with mammalian tissue: Therapeutic applications.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Usability Evaluation of Augmented Reality: A Neuro-Information-Systems Study
05:43

Usability Evaluation of Augmented Reality: A Neuro-Information-Systems Study

Published on: November 30, 2022

3.0K

Specific Systems for Evaluation.

Roderick Adrian Slavcev1, Chi Hong Sum2, Jesse St Jean2

  • 1University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada. slavcev@uwaterloo.ca.

Experientia Supplementum (2012)
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Reporter genes enable tracking of biological activity through bioluminescence. This technology visualizes gene expression for applications in cancer therapy and protein interaction research.

Keywords:
BioluminescenceBioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)Green fluorescent proteinLuciferasePhotoproteinsReal-time PCRReporter genes

More Related Videos

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
18:57

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

47.4K
Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing
09:06

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Published on: July 3, 2020

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Usability Evaluation of Augmented Reality: A Neuro-Information-Systems Study
05:43

Usability Evaluation of Augmented Reality: A Neuro-Information-Systems Study

Published on: November 30, 2022

3.0K
Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
18:57

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

47.4K
Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing
09:06

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Published on: July 3, 2020

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Fluorescent visualization is a common method for monitoring biological activity.
  • Reporter genes can be delivered to assay and track biological systems.
  • Bioluminescence involves light production via biochemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the use of reporter genes for monitoring biological activity.
  • To discuss applications of bioluminescence in biological research.
  • To detail methods for visualizing gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Delivery of reporter genes.
  • Bioluminescent imaging techniques.
  • Flow cytometry.
  • PCR-based gene detection methods.

Main Results:

  • Reporter genes allow visualization of biological processes through gene expression.
  • Bioluminescence provides a means to assay and track activity in biological systems.
  • Various techniques enable gene detection and analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Reporter gene technology, particularly bioluminescence, offers powerful tools for biological research.
  • Applications span gene expression studies, cancer therapy, and protein interaction analysis.
  • Bioluminescence facilitates visualization of biological processes based on gene expression.