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MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...

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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

Published on: August 20, 2019

Functional microRNA binding site variants.

Ye Yuan¹, Joanne B Weidhaas¹

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Molecular Oncology

|December 12, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting microRNA binding sites (miR-SNPs) can disrupt cancer-related pathways. These miR-SNPs show promise as biomarkers for cancer risk, prognosis, and treatment.

Keywords:

KRAS-variant biomarkers functional variants microRNA binding sites microRNAs polymorphisms

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Area of Science:

Genetics and Genomics
Molecular Biology
Cancer Research

Background:

Germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are common genetic variations.
Polymorphisms in noncoding regions can disrupt gene regulation.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in biological pathways, including tumorigenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the functional impact of microRNA-associated polymorphisms (miR-SNPs).
To identify clinically useful prognostic or predictive miR-SNP biomarkers for cancer.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on functional impacts of miR-SNPs.
Analysis of miR-SNPs associated with cancer risk, prognosis, and treatment outcomes.
Identification of key miR-SNPs with potential clinical utility.

Main Results:

Polymorphisms altering miRNA binding sites (miR-SNPs) can dysregulate key cancer pathways.
Numerous miR-SNPs have emerged as significant biomarkers for cancer.
Specific miR-SNPs demonstrate potential as prognostic and predictive markers.

Conclusions:

miR-SNPs represent a critical class of genetic variations with functional consequences in cancer.
These genetic variants are valuable biomarkers for assessing cancer risk and patient outcomes.
Further research into specific miR-SNPs may lead to improved clinical applications in oncology.