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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea
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Bottom-up trait-mediated indirect effects decrease pathogen transmission in a tritrophic system.

Bret D Elderd1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA.

Ecology
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Plant defenses triggered by jasmonic acid (JA) reduce herbivore feeding but also decrease pathogen transmission. This trait-mediated indirect effect (TMIE) can impact epizootic severity in soybean plants.

Keywords:
Spodoptera frugiperdaBaculovirusBayesian analysisepizooticsfall armyworminduced plant defensesvariability in transmission rate

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Plant-insect interactions
  • Chemical ecology

Background:

  • Plants develop secondary defenses to deter herbivores, altering resource quality.
  • These defenses can have indirect effects on other trophic levels, such as pathogens.
  • Trait-mediated indirect effects (TMIEs) in tritrophic systems influence host-pathogen dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how induced plant defenses affect insect pathogen transmission.
  • To understand the role of trait-mediated indirect effects (TMIEs) in plant-pathogen interactions.
  • To assess the impact of plant defense induction on epizootic severity.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiments using soybean plants (Glycine max).
  • Jasmonic acid (JA) treatment to induce plant defenses versus a control.
  • Introduction of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae and baculovirus to measure transmission.

Main Results:

  • Induced plant defenses significantly decreased baculovirus transmission.
  • Reduced feeding rates and increased viral dose required for infection were observed.
  • Population heterogeneity in larval susceptibility increased with JA treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Plant defense induction can decrease pathogen efficacy, potentially harming the plant.
  • Bottom-up interactions, like plant defenses, can significantly influence epizootic severity.
  • TMIEs driven by plant traits can alter disease dynamics in ecological communities.