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Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants
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Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

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A small cysteine-rich protein from two kingdoms of microbes is recognized as a novel pathogen-associated molecular

Jiajun Nie1, Zhiyuan Yin1, Zhengpeng Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.

The New Phytologist
|December 12, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Researchers discovered VmE02, a novel pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) found in fungi and oomycetes. This molecule triggers plant cell death and enhances resistance to other pathogens.

Area of Science:

  • Plant-microbe interactions
  • Molecular biology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are vital for microbial life cycles but their diversity remains largely unknown.
  • Necrotrophic fungi like Valsa mali possess cell-death-inducing factors that can impact host-pathogen interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel PAMPs from Valsa mali.
  • To investigate the function and evolutionary spread of the identified PAMP.
  • To explore the role of the novel PAMP in plant immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Screening for cell-death-inducing factors in Valsa mali.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression and recombinant protein infiltration to assay elicitor activity.
  • Virus-induced gene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana to identify signaling components.
  • Gene deletion and complementation in Valsa mali to assess virulence and conidiation.

Main Results:

  • A novel PAMP, VmE02, was identified in Valsa mali, widely distributed in oomycetes and fungi.
  • VmE02 and its homologues induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana, dependent on BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE-1, SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1, HSP90, and SGT1.
  • Deletion of VmE02 attenuated Valsa mali conidiation but not virulence.
  • Treatment with VmE02 enhanced plant resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora capsici.

Conclusions:

  • VmE02 is a novel cross-kingdom PAMP produced by fungi and oomycetes.
  • VmE02 plays a role in pathogen development and plant defense.
  • The discovery of VmE02 expands the known repertoire of microbial PAMPs and their role in inter-kingdom communication.
Keywords:
Nicotiana benthamianaValsa malicell deathfilamentous pathogensinnate immunitypathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)

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